The Alfa Bank Dark Net at Noon

Before its John Doe nuisance lawsuits got shut down by Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, Alfa Bank made several claims that led me to chase down a minor – but potentially important – part of the Alfa Bank story.
Someone totally uninvolved in the Michael Sussman/Fusion/April Lorenzen effort played a role in making their efforts public in 2016: “Phil,” the guy about whom I went to the FBI in 2017. As I told the FBI, I suspected he had played a role in the Guccifer 2.0 and Shadow Brokers operations.

This post will focus on what Alfa Bank got wrong. A follow-up post will look at why, if John Durham made the same error, it may matter for the Michael Sussmann case.

Someone exposes Tea Leaves’ research via Krypt3ia

At issue is this post on the eponymously-named InfoSec blog Krypt3ia. As the post describes, someone tipped Krypt3ia off to a WordPress site and a purported i2p site (also called an “eepsite”) that laid out a version of the claims that Michael Sussmann had shared with the FBI and the NYT in September 2016.

Those claims are at the heart of the false statement charge against Sussmann.

Along with the basic allegations about weird DNS look-ups between servers from Alfa Bank and Spectrum Health and a Trump marketing server, those sites also revealed that after the NYT called Alfa Bank for comment about the DNS anomaly in September 2016, the Trump DNS address changed. This is the digital equivalent of someone changing their phone number after discovering they were being surveilled. The seeming response by Trump to the NYT call to Alfa for comment has always been regarded as the smoking gun showing human acknowledgement of the communications (a report from Alfa Bank attempted, unpersuasively, to contest that).

By connecting to a Russian-hosted proxy service, the Krypt3ia post about all this added an element of Russian mystery to the story. But that’s it. The post offered no other new content.

The Krypt3ia post is more important for the function it played than its content. Krypt3ia’s post served to make the contents of a publicly available but difficult to find i2p site – believed to be created by data scientist April Lorenzen, but written under the pseudonym Tea Leaves – accessible.

In response to tips from source(s) of his, Krypt3ia focused attention on a series of communications, none tied in his post to a then-identified person. First, someone alerted him to the WordPress site. That site spoke of Tea Leaves as a third person; there was never a pretense that it was Tea Leaves or Lorenzen. Krypt3ia learned of that WordPress site because someone approached Krypt3ia, purportedly asking for help finding an incomplete i2p address listed in the post.

I caught wind of the site when someone asked me to look at an i2p address that they couldn’t figure out and once I began to read the sites [sic] claims I thought this would be an interesting post.

That tip led Krypt3ia to find what was actually a proxy allowing access to a real i2p site – the one that injected an air of Russian mystery to the story.

First off, the i2p address in the WordPress site is wrong from the start. Once I dug around I found that the real address was gdd.i2p.xyz which is actually a site hosted on a server in Moscow on Marosnet.

That led Krypt3ia to ask whether anyone at NYT wanted to verify the claim that Trump Organization seemingly took action after NYT called Alfa.

I also have to wonder about this whole allegation that a NYT reporter asked about this.

Say, any of you NYT’s people out there care to respond?

Ask and you shall receive! Someone–as I lay out below, I have confirmed that this was “Phil”–put Krypt3ia in touch with a NYT reporter.

First off, someone in my feed put me in touch with the NYT and a reporter has confirmed to me that what the site says about NYT reaching out and asking about the connections, then the connections going bye bye is in fact true.

[snip]

The biggest takeaway is that the NYT confirmed that they asked the question and shit happened. They are still looking into it.

In an update, someone purporting to be Tea Leaves responded to Krypt3ia via an untraceable Tutanota email account, and in response, Krypt3ia posed a bunch of questions, only to get no answer. That non-answer was a key reason why Krypt3ia later treated the allegations as a fraud – an opinion that Alfa Bank, at least, used to bolster their own claims of fraud.

As Krypt3ia mused in real time, it seemed that the entire point of the tips he was receiving was focusing attention on the allegations themselves. Except, if your goal was to release a story that might swing an election, it was a really weird way of doing so.

One does wonder though just who might be trying this tac to attempt to cause Donny trouble. It seems a half assed attempt at best or perhaps they were not finished with it yet.. But then why the tip off email to someone who then got in touch with me? Someone I spoke to about this alluded to maybe that was the plan, for me to blog about this from the start..

[snip]

I have to say it though, these guys are trying to get the word out but in a strange way. I mean this eepsite is now hosted in Czechoslovakia, staying with the Baltic flavor but why not broadcast this more openly? Why does the WordPress site have the wrong address to start and then the other eepsite disappears after a little poking and prodding?

There are at least four unattributed or unattributable communications that appeared in this post: an email to someone who, in turn, got in touch with Krypt3ia; a tip about the WordPress site (presumably from the person who got the email) and through it to the i2p gateway; the contact with the unnamed NYT reporter; and the email from someone claiming to be Tea Leaves via a service that made it impossible to prove it was the person who originally adopted that pseudonym.

Notably, this all happened between October 5, 2016 – before the Podesta drop and the DHS attribution of the DNC hack to Russia – and the days after it. Krypt3ia was checking out the i2p proxy on October 7, at 3:08PM ET – less than half an hour before DHS would release an unprecedented attribution statement, followed shortly by the Access Hollywood video, followed shortly by the first Podesta email drop. Krypt3ia wrote his post the following day.

i2p sites aren’t supposed to get noticed

To understand why using Krypt3ia to get noticed is so weird, you need to understand a little about i2p.

i2p is a network like Tor that provides obscurity and security. Even today, it’s far less accessible than Tor (and was even more so in 2016). Krypt3ia could credibly access it, but I couldn’t have. Reporter Eric Lichtblau or Fusion GPS’ Laura Seago probably couldn’t have either. Normally you need either a special browser or a gateway to to access an eepsite. Importantly, the public DNS routing information that was at the heart of the project that discovered the Alfa Bank anomalies doesn’t exist for i2p. You can’t just Google for a site.

If data scientist April Lorenzen put her research on an i2p site, as alleged, she may have done so to limit who noticed it and her role in it.

It didn’t work out that way.

(Note, because the Durham investigation remains ongoing, I am not contacting her or her lawyers for comment or others who are obviously still the focus of Durham’s investigation.)

Krypt3ia didn’t link directly to her i2p site at first. He started by linking a gateway, which would be accessible to mere mortals who don’t have an i2p browser or technical prowess. His second link may have been a different gateway – again, a link readily accessible to people without using special software. It was one of these links that got sent around by journalists and researchers.

That’s what I mean about content versus function: Krypt3ia added no new content to this story. He did, however, make parts of it accessible to people – like reporters – who would otherwise never have found it.

A comment purportedly from Lorenzen sent to Krypt3ia’s site, playing on Tea Leaves’ name, expressed (or feigned) surprise at finding what the email called a mirror (but which was a proxy).

Thank you to https://krypt3ia .wordpress.com for pointing out a possible mirror of this (the original, what you are reading, http://gdd.i2p). We did not know about gdd.i2p.xyz until hearing about it from Krypt3ia. So we did a little research and see that i2p.xyz has been around for years and appears to mirror a lot of *.i2p sites. *i2p.xyz probably functions as an alternative for everybody that doesn’t have the skills to reach an i2p site :)

Next question, why would somebody first mirror – and then drop their mirror – of our http://gdd.i2p website. The following is just speculation: maybe normally i2p.xyz just mirrors everything but oops! Something hot – drop the mirror. I don’t know. I didn’t try to visit it. Mirrors of course could choose to alter content and measure who visits. We have no such opportunity to see who is visiting our real i2p site.

Whoever wrote the email, it emphasized how the proxy was different from the “real i2p site:” The proxy “functions as an alternative for everybody who that doesn’t have the skills to reach an i2p site,” but it also can “measure who visits” whereas a “real i2p site” cannot.

Whatever the story behind the Krypt3ia post, it had the effect of making it clear that researchers who believed they could find hackers by looking at public DNS data couldn’t hide what they were doing, even on networks designed to be untrackable. It had the effect of making it clear their efforts to look for Russian hackers in DNS data had been seen.

Alfa Bank alleges the Krypt3ia notice is part of an imagined conspiracy targeting the bank

It also appears to have convinced Alfa Bank that Krypt3ia was a key cog in the publication of this story. Their lawsuit claimed that,

The scientists and researchers who obtained the nonpublic DNS data deliberately leaked portions of that data to other scientists and researchers and, ultimately, to the media.

Depositions in the Alfa Bank lawsuit make it clear that Alfa believed (presumably because of those characteristics about i2p) that Fusion GPS must have been behind the effort to alert Krypt3ia to the research site and, via his post, to alert the public.

In a February 10 bid to overcome privilege claims that Fusion GPS’ Laura Seago had previously made, Alfa Bank lawyer Margaret Krawiec argued that Seago must have breached any privilege by sharing information from the publicly posted Tea Leaves information. Krawiec’s logic was that someone internal to the privilege claims asserted by Perkins Coie must have told Seago where the i2p site was, because otherwise there would be no way she could find it.

Krawiec: So, your honor, let me jump in there because one of the things that happened is that we were trying to understand how it was that Ms. Seago knew that this data had been published on the internet because it was published in an obscure place in the internet by this Tea Leaves that I told you about.

And then what Fusion did was – so we asked about that. We said, “How did you know where to look for that data? Who told you?” Cut off, instruction not to answer, privileged. But guess what they did with those links of that data? They took that data that someone told them because no one would have known to find it where it was unless someone told them.

And they wouldn’t tell us who told them or how they found it, but then they took all those links – the supposed public source research – and disseminated it to seven or eight media outlets saying you have to check this out. This is big stuff.

Fusion’s lawyer Joshua Levy countered that the link and the site itself were public.

Levy: If you – if you take the example that Alfa-Bank’s lawyer just presented to the Court, the link that someone at Fusion had circulated to a reporter, that link is a link to the internet. It’s a publicly available link, right?

The link – it’s, it’s like sending a New York Times article to a reporter at the Washington Post. Have you – have you seen this article? You should look at it. It’s interesting. Here’s a link. It happens to do with the subject matter which (indiscernible) is fascinated, [sic] but it’s a publicly available link.

Ms. Seago may have had communications internally at Fusion about that link. Those are privileged communications, but the link itself is available online for the Court, for me, for Ms. Krawiec. It’s public. There’s, there’s nothing confidential about that link.

Alfa’s lawyer responded by arguing that because an i2p site was so difficult to find, Seago’s knowledge of its location must have come from privileged information, and because she subsequently shared a link to a gateway with journalists, she had waived privilege.

Krawiec: Your Honor, I can tell you that where this link was when it was on the internet, you, myself, Mr. Levy, no one could have found that by doing a basic Google search. They were instructed where to find it in this obscure location.

And all we were trying to understand is who instructed them because the person who posted it was Tea Leaves, the anonymous computer scientist who had this computer data.

Alfa’s lawyer argued, not unreasonably, that because Tea Leaves’ site could not have been discovered by a Google search, someone connected to Tea Leaves must have told Fusion where it was, and because Fusion, in turn, shared a link to it, any privilege around Fusion’s discussions about Tea Leaves had therefore been breached.

Alfa’s focus on how Tea Leaves’ i2p site became public continued during a February 14 deposition of Peter Fritsch. In it, Alfa raised an email from Seago to Fritsch describing that Krypt3ia had become aware of Tea Leaves’ work, in response to which questions Fritsch pled the Fifth. By the time Krypt3ia posted, it seems likely, Fusion already knew April Lorenzen was involved.

But in the Seago hearing, Fusion lawyer Joshua Levy stated clearly that, “Our client didn’t move that specific communication –” pushing Tea Leaves’ information (from the context, it’s unclear to me whether this was a link directly to a gateway to Tea Leaves i2p site or one that involved Krypt3ia). Elsewhere Levy explained that Mark Hosenball had sent the link to Fusion which, in turn, sent it out to other journalists.

Fusion’s claims are consistent with them knowing of Lorenzen’s work before the Krypt3ia post, but having nothing to do with the Krypt3ia post and/or public links directly to Lorenzen’s site.

“Phil” hooked Krypt3ia up with the NYT

Alfa Bank seems to doubt Fusion’s denials that they were behind all those levels of notice to Krypt3ia.

I have no idea who first alerted Krypt3ia to the WordPress site or the i2p site, and he says he doesn’t remember who did. I do know who hooked him up with the NYT.

As I noted when I criticized this story in 2016, I was pitched the Alfa Bank story, like the NYT. But unlike the NYT, I was not pitched it by the people Durham is trying to put in jail like Sussmann, the researchers, or Fusion GPS. I was pitched it by the guy whom I’ve referred to by the pseudonym “Phil,” the person I went to the FBI about in 2017. (This is a pseudonym and he has not been charged by DOJ.)

Not only did he pitch me on it, but he told me he was the one to have hooked Krypt3ia up with the NYT reporter.

The rest of our exchange is below…

The claim that Phil had introduced Krypt3ia to a NYT reporter was credible. At the time I knew of several NYT reporters he claimed to have ties to (at Phil’s request, I had introduced him to one of them, and I’ve confirmed his contacts with others since). He also publicly interacted with Krypt3ia on Twitter.

But I had never checked whether Phil had really introduced the NYT to Krypt3ia until the Alfa Bank filing that blamed that tie on Fusion.

Nicole Perloth has confirmed it was Phil. As she described, Phil basically pushed Krypt3ia on her. “Nicole: Krypt is a person who can be an invaluable resource on this,” specifically addressing Krypt3ia‘s expertise on the dark web, even while asking her to keep him (Phil) updated on when the story would be published.

When I asked Krypt3ia if it was possible that the same person alerted him to the i2p site as had connected him to a NYT journalist, he said he did not remember.

Do you know if the person who connected you with the NYT reporter was the same was the one who pointed out the mirror? As per your post? Or don’t you remember?

Honestly don’t remember. Did not take notes or anything, thought it all bullshit and some kind of game of disinformation.

Whether or not Phil had a role in first tipping Krypt3ia off to the i2p proxy, he had a role in making the NYT aware of a series of moving versions of that site, starting with the one in Russia.

Importantly, this is not the only attempt to broker these allegations that remains publicly unexplained. There’s another unexplained package of these allegations – a “mediafire” package first posted on Reddit – raised in the Alfa suit that Fusion disclaimed credit for.

At least one person pushing this story was (as far as I know) completely unrelated to the efforts Durham and Alfa have focused on. Given that April Lorenzen used a pseudonym for her efforts, it would have been easy to hijack those efforts. So until April Lorenzen certifies that all the communications posted under the name “Tea Leaves” out there are hers (including the comment attached to a Tutanota email in Krypt3ia’s post), neither should anyone assume she’s responsible for all of them.

Alfa Bank believed that the public notice of the Tea Leaves i2p site was proof that Fusion, and only Fusion, was dealing these allegations. The opposite is the case.

To be sure: that might have mattered if Vladimir Putin’s invasion hadn’t killed the Alfa Bank lawsuit. But Phil’s role in the Krypt3ia post doesn’t much matter to the Sussmann indictment. Sussmann’s alleged lie was on September 19, 2016, 16 days before the communications leading to the Krypt3ia post started. Nothing Phil did on October 8 and thereafter, it seems, could affect that alleged lie.

That said, Durham’s sprawling single-count indictment does include allegations about Sussmann’s outreach to the press that post-dates Phil’s involvement and may rely on it. Most notably, a paragraph describing that Sussmann emailed Lichtblau on October 10 encouraging him to send an opinion piece criticizing the NYT for its Trump coverage mentions that, “At or around that time, and according to public sources, [Lichtblau] was working on an article concerning the [Alfa Bank] allegations, but [Lichtblau’s] editors at [NYT] had not yet authorized publication of the article.” [my emphasis] Krypt3ia’s comment, “the NYT confirmed that they asked the question and shit happened. They are still looking into it” – a comment that indirectly involved Phil – is one of those public sources.

At the time, Phil was pushing a NYT article more aggressively than what Durham describes Sussmann doing, and he played at least some role in the public sources that reported NYT was working on an article.

So Phil’s involvement adds an important detail about how these claims were made public in the weeks leading up to the election, but none of that changes whether or not Sussmann lied to cover up Hillary and/or Rodney Joffe’s role in all this.

Update: I’ve corrected the post to reflect that the original site, hosted in Russia, was a proxy, not a mirror. Thanks to @i2p at geti2p.net for the corrections starting in this exchange.

Texts

The following includes all the Signal texts included in the exchange regarding the Alfa Bank DNS anomalies.

Two comments on these texts: I’m not sure what I meant in the text sent on October 9 at 10:51AM. I suspect I mistyped. I suspect I was trying to explain Betsy and Dick DeVos’ traditional role in the Republican party – money – was less urgent to Trump in October 2016 than some kind of credible Republican policy platform. 

I stand by everything else I said in these texts, though admit my observation about the adversity between UAE and Russia turned out to be hilariously and epically wrong, particularly as it pertained to Prince.

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23 replies
  1. klynn says:

    Oof. Reading the last text is eye opening:

    “I will stop.”

    What a “being found out” text.

  2. Troutwaxer says:

    What’s amazing here is one of Durham’s attorney’s trying to tell the court that a computer security researcher (or someone working adjacent to that field) couldn’t find an ip2 or Tor site. WTF do they imagine a security researcher does? ~Sighs~</em

    One more unsubstantiated, ignorant claim coming out of the Sussman investigation.

      • Troutwaxer says:

        Sorry, I missed that bit, but I think my objection is valid either way – why wouldn’t a security company monitor the darkwebs very carefully and know how to find stuff there?

        • Rugger9 says:

          Certainly a very good question to ask. I also wonder how adept these IT security operations are at breaking into blockchains (the foundation of cryptocurrencies) since I also see rumblings by various government agencies worldwide on constraining / taxing those transactions. Perhaps the dark web isn’t so dark with the right tools.

          OT, it has been reported by the WSJ that the Russian negotiators including Chelsea FC CEO (for now) Abramovich were poisoned when trying to settle the Ukraine invasion. Putin or hardliners are to blame, apparently but let’s see how this plays out.

        • Molly Pitcher says:

          And people have been laughing about Putin sitting miles from everyone he meets with. Just a little projection.

          I have seen Fiona Hill interviewed about Putin more than once and she tells the story of sitting next to him at a banquet. She said he never touched the food or the glasses, much less ate or drank anything.

        • PhoneInducedPinkEye says:

          Most Blockchains are by design transparent since they are supposed to be decentralized ledgers. E.g. BTC paid out from a ransomware victim can be traced through all transactions they are involved with

          Duckduckgo Blockchain explorer for examples.

          As far as the dark web goes, at least for tor, it’s safe to assume three letter agencies can correlate traffic with ease. There’s lots of accessible writing about this if you are curious. Given the amount of data these agencies slurp up, watching entry and exit nodes isn’t that tough

          I always chuckle when someone posits that tor would let them evade notice from billion dollar budget agencies. You might be able to slip by a tiny amount of traffic once, but that’s about it.

        • Leoghann says:

          The original reports, from Bellingcat, then DW.com & AlJazeera, stated that Abramovich and two of the Ukrainians, including the Tatar representative from Crimea, all showed similar (and scary) symptoms that indicated poisoning. They (the negotiators) have said they suspect they were poisoned; it’s obvious they didn’t catch a flu bug.

  3. dejavuagain says:

    An amazing challenge to try to cogently present this to a judge or jury. There are so many pseudonyms and technical terms. I hope that Sussman’s lawyers have a nice glossary which use terms understood by people who are not experts in these areas. And hope that have plain speaking experts and charts. In other words, I am confused wading through this. I am no expert, but have a little more than a passing knowledge of some of the technical issues.

  4. viget says:

    BTW, EW, love your Colombo moments in the text. Way to call out Phil’s BS in real time. Not sure if you suspected something was up w Phil at that time, but those definitely read as an experienced investigator catching their subject in inconsistencies. Certainly in hindsight they stick out.

  5. BobCon says:

    “Except, if your goal was to release a story that might swing an election, it was a really weird way of doing so.”

    I’m reminded of one of the things that puzzled Ashley Feinberg when she debunked a Trump pee video.

    “One of the video’s most bizarre aspects is what hasn’t happened with it. No one has taken credit for obtaining it, and it has not been aggressively pitched to the press in the same way that, say, Guccifer 2.0 pitched the Democratic National Committee leaks to journalists. Someone went to the trouble of staging the pee tape, then they or someone else created the video of the screen. But no one has yet sought recognition or attention for it.”

    https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/09/inside-the-convincing-fake-trump-pee-tape.html

    It suggests to be a class of semi-plausible yet ultimately problematic evidence that gets produced but then lies dormant, possibly because the creators are targeting a certain kind of reporter. It certainly seems to be the kind of Ukraine fabrication that Ken Vogel has been chasing.

  6. scribe says:

    “Alfa’s lawyer responded by arguing that because an i2p site was so difficult to find, Seago’s knowledge of its location must have come from privileged information, and because she subsequently shared a link to a gateway with journalists, she had waived privilege.”

    In that sentence there’s a really big jump followed by a smaller one. “Difficult to find” does not equate to privileged. It just means “difficult to find”.

    That guy who hid the treasure out West and had people digging all over everything west of the 100th meridian wouldn’t have made the content of the treasure chest privileged by burying it in an obscure place (even if he’d had a lawyer involved in creating it). He just made it difficult to find. Moreover, while the hints he scattered to lead the seekers to the treasure might have been considered a waiver of privilege (assuming the treasure was privileged) insofar as they led seekers to something hidden, that would only obtain if he had the right to the protection of the privilege (or, said differently, if the privilege was his to waive). If OTOH he’d found a map to the treasure, one he hadn’t buried and had nothing to do with creating, and just decided to have fun with people by scattering hints, the privilege would not have been his to waive. The treasure would have just been someone else’s abandoned property.

    So, for the witness whose lawyer invoked privilege, one possibility is that the witness owned the site, the information, or had the right to the privilege. Another possibility is that the witness didn’t own the site, the information, or the right to the privilege, but rather told the lawyer in confidence something that would have conceivably been even tangentially responsive to the question posed, a conversation or transmission of information that would have been privileged independent of the site itself.

    Since it was publicly available, telling someone about its location is not necessarily a waiver of privilege.

    This stuff gets really weedy at times.

  7. Leoghann says:

    Thanks, Marcy. This post is involving and dense. And since I’m dense about these topics, I had to read it twice. Alfa Bank has claimed these suits are about their good name, i.e.: “we’re a company that cares about its reputation, so stop talking ugly about us.” Instead, it appears they’re reacting to having actually been caught at some of their shady behavior, and they are (were) trying to get the court to shake investigators off their trail.

    I have a couple of questions about the effect of aging on this story:

    1. The communications of the Trump server(s) with Alfa Bank and Spectrum were first characterized as having a cadence that strongly indicated human involvement, rather than the AI-generated cadence of the adjacent mass-mailing servers. But now it has been frequently reported that the server was indeed just sending mass mailings. Is that now the consensus, or it it a cover story?

    2. Does the fact that the DNS address of the Trump server was changed as soon as reports about it came out continue to make it look shady (shady AF, IMO), or has an innocent and credible explanation been provided?

    3. Today, Spectrum is a nation-wide health care company. In fact, they provided covid vaccination services in my home county in Arizona in 2020, after our Trumpster director of the county health department refused to vaccinate anyone but first responders. Have they experienced all that growth from being just one children’s hospital in 2016?

  8. Eureka says:

    So the title was haunting before I even knew what the post was about.

    Then the winds whistled & whipped like it was February in almost April # climatetumult

    Koestler. (chills)

    Being a configurational type of gal I vote this one Best Title.


    It totally makes sense they’d hatch this (Steele-dossier-esque, as you’ve said) scheme while the WL was delayed; also makes me wonder how much they knew (if anything) about our IC’s attribution coming down the pike.

    And I can’t get over the parallelisms with Putin bombing children’s hospitals: pixels to pixels, dust to dust.

      • klynn says:

        Oh goodness, I spent the night asking myself is Phil a tale of Rubashov? Just because of your title!

    • Ginevra diBenci says:

      I noticed it, but you expressed it so eloquently, Eureka. And all this at the same time Trump is trying to reconfigure the history of the same period by filing lawsuit with no legal viability but all the banshee whistles that Alfa and/or Durham might want out there on RW media.

  9. CD54 says:

    “They took that data that someone told them because no one would have known to find it where it was unless someone told them.”

    Oh, geeze!

    Best Molly Picon voice (Mrs. Bronson, Car 54…): “So, what law says InfoSec people never kibitz?”

  10. Ginevra diBenci says:

    Great post, Dr. W. Am I over-reading or is Krawiec, like Durham, playing to the cheap seats? (Meaning Fox primetime hosts and their lesser simulacra.)

    Happy birthday! You’ve been on such a roll lately–you deserve some time off, like (say) an hour outside breathing the incomparable air across the sea. (You deserve much more than that, in truth.)

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